David Gray
Emeritus
Contact details
- Tel: 07919306218
- Email: D.Gray@ed.ac.uk
Address
- Street
-
Ashworth Labs
- City
- Post code
Background
1980-1983 PhD in Immunology; Dept. of Immunology, University of Birmingham
1983-1985 Postdoc; Dept. of Immunology, University of Birmingham
1985-1991 Scientific Member, Basel Institute for Immunology, Basel, Switzerland
1991-1998 Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow and Honorary Reader/Professor of Cellular Immunology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London
1998-2002 Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow and University Professorial Fellow, ICAPB, University of Edinburgh
2002-Present Professor of Immunology, IIIR, University of Edinburgh
Research summary
Innate responses of B cells: As part of the adaptive immune system, B cells generally see their environment via recognition of antigens with their BCR. However, like other antigen presenting cells, they also express pattern recognition receptors (eg. Toll-like receptors, TLRs) normally associated with cells of the innate immune system. Their responses to stimulation via these receptors are many and varied (eg. proliferation, antibody production, cytokine secretion and enhanced antigen presentation). We are currently investigating the effects of TLR ligation on B cell subsets and the influence that this has on the development of T cell responses. We are using a model infection ( Salmonella), in which the pathogen can deliver a variety of TLR ligands to activate B cells in BCR-independent fashion.
Immune regulation by B cells: As well as antibodies, B cells make cytokines, following activation via BCR or CD40 or after ligation of TLRs. IL-10 is one of the most abundant cytokines made by B cells (in particular, by marginal zone B cells). We know that this B cell-derived IL-10 is necessary for resolution of autoimmune inflammation in several disease models. We are currently investigating the mechanism of this regulation, for instance, by programming development of regulatory T cells.
Immunological memory: Memory is a defining feature of the immune system. In "remembering" previous encounters with infectious organisms it reacts more rapidly and more efficiently (e.g. higher affinity) and so, is the basis for vaccination against disease. The basis of this memory to a large extent is the maintenance of increased frequency of antigen-specific memory cells. Memory B cells, CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells exhibit differences in the way that they are maintained over long periods. We are currently interested in the long-term survival of memory CD4 + T cells and the role of B cells as antigen presenting cells in this process.
-
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is a potential food supplement with the capacity to outperform chlorella and spirulina
In:
Applied Sciences, vol. 10
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196736
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
In human autoimmunity, a substantial component of the B cell repertoire consists of polyclonal, barely mutated IgG+ve B cells
In:
Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00395
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
Immune Tolerance to Apoptotic Self is mediated primarily by Regulatory B1a cells
In:
Frontiers in Immunology
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01952
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (E-pub ahead of print) -
Heterogeneity of phenotype and function reflects the multistage development of t follicular helper cells
In:
Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00489
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
Regulatory B cells mediate tolerance to apoptotic self in health: implications for disease
(7 pages)
In:
International immunology, vol. 27, pp. 505-11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxv045
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Literature review (Published) -
MyD88 signaling inhibits protective immunity to the gastrointestinal helminth parasite heligmosomoides polygyrus
(10 pages)
In:
The Journal of Immunology, vol. 193, pp. 2984-2993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1401056
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
Identification of Co-expressed Gene Signatures in Mouse B1, Marginal Zone and B2 B-cell Populations
In:
Immunology, vol. 141, pp. 79-95
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12171
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
Recruitment of new cells outweighs local changes in macrophage activation phenotype during helminth-bacterial coinfection
(1 page)
In:
Immunology, vol. 140, pp. 30-30
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Meeting abstract (Published) -
Plasma cell homeostasis: the effects of chronic antigen stimulation and inflammation
(11 pages)
In:
The Journal of Immunology, vol. 191, pp. 3128-38
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1301163
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
Cutting Edge: IL-6-Dependent Autoimmune Disease: Dendritic Cells as a Sufficient, but Transient, Source
(5 pages)
In:
The Journal of Immunology, vol. 190, pp. 881-885
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1202925
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
ICOS controls Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cell expansion, maintenance and IL-10 production during helminth infection
(11 pages)
In:
European Journal of Immunology, vol. 43, pp. 705-715
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201242794
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
B cell depletion therapy ameliorates autoimmune disease through ablation of IL-6–producing B cells
(10 pages)
In:
Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 209, pp. 1001-1010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20111675
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
TLR9 INDUCES TOLERANCE TO APOPTOTIC CELLS AND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR INDUCING REGULATORY B CELLS
(1 page)
In:
Rheumatology, vol. 51, pp. 43-43
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Meeting abstract (Published) -
A tolerogenic role for Toll-like receptor 9 is revealed by B-cell interaction with DNA complexes expressed on apoptotic cells
(6 pages)
In:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), vol. 109, pp. 887-892
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109173109
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
ICOS controls Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell expansion, maintenance, and IL-10 production during helminth infection
In:
European Journal of Immunology, vol. 43, pp. 705–715
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
B cell derived interleukin-6 drives pathogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
(1 page)
In:
Immunology, vol. 135, pp. 73-73
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Meeting abstract (Published) -
Differential programming of helper T cell responses following B cell TLR and BCR ligation
(1 page)
In:
Immunology, vol. 131, pp. 1-1
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
The involvement of B cells in the generation of T follicular helper cell and T cell memory populations
(1 page)
In:
Immunology, vol. 131, pp. 40-40
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
Turnover and lifespan of plasma cells in models of acute and chronic disease
(1 page)
In:
Immunology, vol. 131, pp. 135-135
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published) -
IL-6 from CD1d(hi) B cell drives the pathogenic Th17 response during EAE
(1 page)
In:
Immunology, vol. 131, pp. 185-185
Research output: Contribution to Journal › Article (Published)