Archaeology Staff
Professor Ian Ralston
OBE, MA, PhD, DLitt, FRSE, MAE, FSA, FSA Scot, MCIfA
Abercromby Emeritus Professor of Archaeology
- Tel: +44 (0)131 650 2370
- Email: Ian.Ralston@ed.ac.uk
- Room 03.09, William Robertson Wing, Old Medical School, Teviot Place
Office hours
Biography
I studied under Professor Stuart Piggott at Edinburgh University, and was appointed to a Research Fellowship and then a Lectureship at Aberdeen University (1974-1985). Thereafter I joined this University’s Department of Archaeology. Between 1990 and 2000 I was Director of the Centre for Field Archaeology, the University’s applied archaeological unit, which is now in the private sector as CFA Archaeology Ltd.
In 1998, I was promoted to a personal Chair in Later European Prehistory. In 2012, I was appointed to the Abercromby Chair of Prehistoric Archaeology. I acted as Head of School from 2013-2016. Outwith the University, I have held a number of senior administrative roles, and was until 2011 Chair of the Scottish Archaeological Finds Allocation Panel. I am an associate of UMR 8546, Ecole normale supérieure, Paris.
Useful Links
Full website: www.ianralston.co.uk
Summary of research interests
Places:- Britain & Ireland
- Scotland
- Ancient Civilisations
- Landscapes & Monuments
- Material Culture
- Prehistory
- Antiquity
Research interests
-
My interests include the European Iron Age, Scottish archaeology of all periods, and the development of applied archaeology. My most recent field projects took place in central France, where I was involved in large-scale excavations around the city of Bourges, in collaboration with French colleagues from UMR 8546-6 of CNRS (based at the Ecole normale supérieure, Paris) and the local archaeological service.
- The archaeology of Scotland from earliest times until the middle ages
- The later prehistory of Britain and Ireland
- Archaeological resource management and applied archaeology
- History of British, especially Scottish, archaeology
- The European Iron Age, especially the settlement record of western temperate Europe
Current research activities
I am currently working on writing up a range of sites and topics on the later prehistory of Scotland, Britain and France.
Research projects
- Late Hallstatt / Early la Tene workshops and other features at Port Sec Sud, Bourges, Cher, France with Dr Olivier Buchsenschutz (CNRS – ENS, Paris, France) – see e.g. Buchsenschutz and Ralston 2002; Augier, Buchsenschutz and Ralston 2008; Ralston 2010; Augier et al 2012
- Camp de Corny, Meunet-Planches, Indre, France (2011) – Late la Tene small enclosure – an aristocratic farm with murus gallicus and earlier ironworking evidence?
- Co-PI, with Emeritus Professor Gary Lock, Oxford, on the AHRC-funded project An atlas of the hillforts of Britain and Ireland, 2012-16.
Watch a short video of Professor Ralston speaking about this research interests - Media Hopper
Undergraduate teaching
I have taught previously on the courses listed below, but am currently on research leave.
- Archaeology 1B, Archaeology 2A, Archaeology 2B, Scottish Studies 1B
- Hons options on · The Practice of Field Archaeology in the United Kingdom
- The Iron Age of western Temperate Europe
- Gallia from the third century BC to the reign of Augustus
- The Scottish lowlands: archaeology and landscape before the Normans
- Archaeological Fieldwork
- Archaeological Practice
Postgraduate teaching
I have taught previously on the courses listed below, but am currently on research leave.
- The Practice of Field Archaeology in the United Kingdom
- The Iron Age of western Temperate Europe
- Gallia from the third century BC to the reign of Augustus
- The Scottish lowlands: archaeology and landscape before the Normans
Current Students:
| Name | Degree | Thesis topic | Supervision type | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown, Craig | PhD | Reconstructing Sites of Conflict: A Diachronic and Typological Assessment of KOCOA (OKOCA) Military Terrain Analysis as a Methodological, Interpretive and Predictive Model | Primary | link |
| Campbell, Craig | PhD | Reassessing the Later Prehistoric Evidence from the City of London | Secondary | |
| Cruickshanks, Gemma | PhD | Iron in the Iron Age: a long term case-study from Scotland | Primary | |
| Dunwell, Andrew | MPhil | The souterrains of Scotland | Primary | |
| Erskine, Graeme | PhD | Roman roads between the Antonine Wall and Hadrian's Wall | Secondary | link |
| Faulkner Jones, Rachel | PhD | The forms and functions of bronze blades in North Britain, 2400-1100 BC | Primary | link |
| Horn, Jonathan A | PhD | The Dating of Hillforts in Britain and Ireland | Primary | link |
| Lawson, Helen | PhD | Travel and communication in early medieval Northumbria | Secondary | link |
| Rose, David | PhD | Persistence and Transformation in Gallic Religion: Votive Dedications and Sanctuaries in the late Iron Age to early Roman period | Secondary | link |
| Stetkiewicz, Scott | PhD | 'Iron production in the Iron Age in the nearer continent and Britain: a scientific analysis of smelting systems' | Primary | |
| Wood, Simon | PhD | The forts and promontory forts of Western Scotland | Primary |
Past Students:
| Name | Degree | Thesis topic | Supervision type | Completion year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiemann, Nicolle | PhD | Facing the past - In vivo facial soft tissue depths of a modern adult population from Germany | Secondary | 2016 | |
| Rocks-Macqueen, Doug | PhD | First Steps Towards a Dynamic Agent Based Predictive Model | Secondary | 2016 | |
| Cooper, Malcolm A | PhD | Gerard Baldwin Brown and his circle: Edinburgh and the evolution of conservation 1870-1932 | Primary | 2016 | |
| Cook, Murray | PhD | A contribution to the later prehistoric and early medieval settlement record of Scotland south of the Great Glen, with a specific focus on Strathdon, Aberdeenshire | Primary | 2015 | |
| Stammitti, Emily | PhD | Dam construction and Archaeology: Defining the Impacts of the Past, Present and Future | Secondary | 2015 | |
| Gooney, Dawn | PhD | Life and Death in Iron Age Orkney: an osteoarchaeological examination of the human skeletal remains from the burial ground at Knowe of Skea, Westray | Secondary | 2015 | |
| Osborne-Martin, Erin | MPhil | Some aspects of regional variation among larger enclosed sites in the later La Tène of France: an archaeological and proto-historical approach | Primary | 2014 | |
| Faulkner-Jones, Rachel | MScR | Locational and distributional aspects of Scottish Bronze Age artefacts | 2013 | link | |
| Khorasani, Sara | PhD | Mid-Late Holocene environmental change in northern Sweden: an investigation using insect fossil remains | Secondary | 2013 | |
| Waters, Geoff | MPhil | The Drystone Chapels of Islay: aspects of chronology, context and distribution | Primary | 2013 | |
| McLaren, Dawn | PhD | Funerary rites afforded to children in the Earlier Bronze Age in Britain: case studies from Scotland, Yorkshire and Wessex | Primary | 2012 | |
| Aitchison, Kenny | PhD | Demand and Supply in UK Archaeological Employment, 1990-2010 | Primary | 2011 | |
| McIlfatrick, Orlene | PhD | The Transitory vessel: aspects of the ceramic record of the Iron Age in North and West Scotland | Primary | 2010 | |
| Werner, Shelley | PhD | An assessment for the case of shared traditions in the North Channel region. | Primary | 2008 | |
| Dennis, Samantha | MPhil | The use of experimental archaeology to examine and interpret Pre-Pottery Neolithic architecture: a case study of Beidha in southern Jordan | Primary | 2008 | |
| Verrill, Lucy | PhD | Later prehistoric environmental marginality in western Ireland : multi-proxy investigations | Primary | 2006 | |
| Thoms, Jennifer | PhD | Aspects of economy and environment of north west Lewis in the first millennium AD : the non-marine faunal evidence from Bostadh and Beirgh considered within the framework of north Atlantic Scotland | Primary | 2005 | |
| Watson, Alasdair | PhD | Religious acculturation and assimilation in Belgic Gaul and Aquitania from the Roman Conquest until the end of the second century CE: selected aspects | Joint | 2005 | |
| Alexander, Derek | MPhil | Aspects of the later prehistoric and protohistoric settlement of west central Scotland | Primary | 2002 | |
| Werner, Shelley | MPhil | Later prehistoric settlement in Eastern Scotland, north of the Tay: a geographical information system based analysis | Primary | 2002 | |
| Ceron-carrasco, Ruby | PhD | Of fish and men : aspects of the utilization of marine resources as recovered from selected Hebridean archaeological sites = De iasg agus dhaoine | Primary | 2002 | |
| Barclay, Gordon | PhD | The First Farmers: The Neolithic of east-central Scotland | Primary | 2001 | |
| Carver, Emma | MPhil | The visibility of imported wine and its associated accoutrements in Later Iron Age Britain | Primary | 2001 | |
| Warren, Graeme | PhD | Towards a social archaeology of the mesolithic in Eastern Scotland | Primary | 2001 | |
| Lawson, Helen | MScR | Defining statehood in early medieval Scotland | Secondary | link |
Books - Authored
Brophy, K., MacGregor, G. and Ralston, I. (2016) The Neolithic of Mainland Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Krausz, S., Colin, A., Gruel, K., Ralston, I. and Dechezleprêtre , T. (2013) L’âge du Fer en Europe, Mélanges offerts à Olivier Buchsenschutz. Bordeaux: Ausonius Editions
Ralston, I., Augier, L., Buchsenschutz, O., Durand, R., Filippini, A., Germinet, D., Levery, M., Macon, P., Pescher, B., Salin, M. and Troadec, J. (2012) Un complexe princier de l’Âge du Fer : le quartier artisanal de Port Sec sud à Bourges (Cher). Tours/Bourges: Revue Archéologique Centre France
Ralston, I. and Hunter, J. (2009) The Archaeology of Britain: An Introduction from Earliest Times to the Twenty-first Century. Routledge
Ralston, I. and Dunwell, A. (2008) Archaeology and Early History of Angus. The History Press Ltd.
Ralston, I. (2008) Bourges - Port Sec Sud, ZAC Esprit 2, Rapport d'operation de fouille preventive. Troisieme tranche 2007, Site no 18 033 536 AH Arrete de prescription de fouille archeologique. Bourges
Ralston, I., Augier, L. and Buchsenschutz, O. (2008) Un complexe princier de l’âge du Fer. L’habitat du promontoire de Bourges (Cher) (VIe-IVe s. av. J.-C.). Revue Archeologique du Centre de la France
Ralston, I. and Hunter, J. (2006) Archaeological resource management in the UK: an introduction. Sutton Publishing
Ralston, I. (2006) Celtic Fortifications. NPI Media Group
Ralston, I. (2004) Hill-Forts of Pictland since `The Problem of the Picts'. Groam House Museum
Ralston, I. and Buchsenschutz, O. (2002) Occupation de l’âge du Fer dans la vallée de l’Auron. Revue Archeologique du Centre de la France
Edwards, K. and Ralston, I. (1997) Scotland - environment and archaeology, 8000BC - 1000AD. Wiley
Books - Edited
Ralston, I. and Lock, G. (eds.) (2019) Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the Nearer Continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference, June 2017. Oxford: Archaeopress
Hunter, F. and Ralston, I. (eds.) (2015) Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Articles
Bishop, R., Gröcke, D., Ralston, I., Clarke, D., Lee, D., Shepherd, A., Thomas, A., Rowley-Conwy, P. and Church, M. (2022) Scotland's first farmers: New insights into early farming practices in North-west Europe. Antiquity, 96(389), pp. 1087-1104DOI: https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2022.107
Ralston, I. (2019) Going back in time: Re-assessment of the timber halls at Doon Hill, Dunbar. Transactions of the East Lothian Antiquarian and Natural History Society, 32, pp. 4-27
Breeze, D., Marshall, R. and Ralston, I. (2019) Marguerite Wood and Margaret Simpson, two pioneering Scottish women. Scottish Archaeological Journal, 41(1), pp. 108-118DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/saj.2019.0110
Ralston, I. (2018) Not Angles but first farmers: Revisiting the timber halls at Doon Hill, East Lothian. Current Archaeology, pp. 44-46
Lock, G. and Ralston, I. (2017) Mapping hillforts in Britain and Ireland. British Archaeology, pp. 46-51
Fernandez-Gotz, M. and Ralston, I. (2017) The complexity and fragility of Early Iron Age urbanism in West-Central temperate Europe. Journal of World Prehistory, 30(3), pp. 259-279DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10963-017-9108-5
Khorasani, S., Panagiotakopulu, E., Engelmark, R. and Ralston, I. (2015) Late Holocene beetle assemblages and environmental change in Gammelhemmet, northern Sweden. Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research, 44(2), pp. 368-382DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12106
Ralston, I. and Halliday, S. (2014) Your hillfort needs you. History Scotland Magazine, 14
Ralston, I. (2010) Fragile States in Mid-first Millennium BC Temperate Western Europe? The View from Bourges. Social Evolution & History, 9(2)
Ralston, I. and Jones, R. (2010) Artefacts and sites: A long and problematic relationship. Scottish Archaeological Journal, 32(1), pp. 1-13DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/saj.2011.0004
Ralston, I. (2010) Scottish archaeological assemblages and museums: a matter for concern. Archaeology Scotland, 9
Ralston, I. (2009) Gordon Childe and Scottish Archaeology: the Edinburgh Years 1927—1946. European Journal of Archaeology, 12(1-3), pp. 47-90DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461957109339702
Ralston, I. and Gilmour, S. (2009) Archaeology and historic environment in Scotland: some acronyms of the moment. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 21(1), pp. 4-5
Ralston, I. (2008) The Hunterian Redisplayed. Scottish Archaeological Journal, 30(1-2), pp. 205-209DOI: https://doi.org/10.3366/E1471576709000424
Ralston, I. (2008) Bourges avant Avaricum. Dossiers d'Archéologie, 329, pp. 72-77
Ralston, I. (2008) La fouille de Port-Sec à Bourges (Cher). Dossiers d'Archéologie, 326, pp. 10-15
Ralston, I., Salin, M., Augier, L., Buchsenschutz, O., Durand, R. and Macon, P. (2008) Le site protohistorique de Port Sec sud à Bourges (Cher), campagne 2007. Bulletin de Association française pour l'étude de l'Âge du Fer, 9(10)
Augier, L., Buchsenschutz, O., Froquet, H., Milcent, P. and Ralston, I. (2001) The 5th century BC at Bourges, Berry, France: New discoveries. Antiquity, 75(287), pp. 23-24DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00052601
Ralston, I. (1999) The Iron Age: Aspects of the human communities and their environments. Journal of Quaternary Science, 14(6), pp. 501-512DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199910)14:6501::AID-JQS485>3.0.CO;2-O
Holley, M. and Ralston, I. (1995) Radiocarbon dates for two crannogs on the Isle of Mull, Strathclyde Region, Scotland. Antiquity, 69(264), pp. 595-596DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00081990
Dunwell, A., Armit, I., Ralston, I. and Yson, B. (1995) The post-medieval farmstead and field system of over newtown at crookedstane, elvanfoot, upper clydesdale. Post-Medieval Archaeology, 29(1), pp. 61-75DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/pma.1995.002
Fairweather, A. and Ralston, I. (1993) The Neolithic timber hall at Balbridie, Grampian Region, Scotland: The building, the date, the plant macrofossils. Antiquity, 67(255), pp. 313-323DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00045373
Ralston, I. (1988) Central Gaul at the Roman Conquest: Conceptions and misconceptions. Antiquity, 62(237), pp. 786-794DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00075232
Gemmel, A. and Ralston, I. (1985) Some recent discoveries of ice-wedge cast networks in north-east Scotland: Reply to comment by M. Armstrong and I.B. Paterson. Scottish Journal of Geology, 21(1), pp. 109-111
Ralston, I. and Büchsenschütz, O. (1975) Late pre-Roman Iron Age forts in Berry. Antiquity, 49(193), pp. 8-18DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00063195
Chapters
Ralston, I. and Lock, G. (2019) Mapping British and Irish hillforts. In: Ray, C. and Fernandez Goetz, M. (eds.) Historical Ecologies, Heterarchies and Transtemporal Landscapes. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 139-155DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351167727-9
Fernandez-Gotz, M. and Ralston, I. (2019) Rural residential places? Rethinking the Fürstensitze – Elites correlation. In: Cowley, D., Fernandez-Gotz, M., Romankiewicz, T. and Wendling, H. (eds.) Rural Settlement. Relating Buildings, Landscape, and People in the European Iron Age. Sidestone Press, pp. 203-212
Ralston, I. and Dugmore, A. (2018) Human traces. In: Kempe, N. and Wrightham, M. (eds.) Hostile Habitats: Scotland’s Mountain Environment. Leicester: Scottish Mountaineering Trust, pp. 234-257
Ralston, I. (2017) Oppida in Caesar’s Gallic War. In: Strassler, R. and Raaflaub , K. (eds.) The Landmark Julius Caesar: The Gallic Wars and the Civil War. New York: Presidio Press
Brophy, K., MacGregor, G. and Ralston, I. (2016) Foreword: 'The prehistory of my own lands, the lowlands'. In: Brophy, K., MacGregor, G. and Ralston, I. (eds.) The Neolithic of Mainland Scotland., pp. xv-xviii
Ralston, I. (2016) Gordon Barclay: A career in the Scottish Neolithic. In: Brophy, K., MacGregor, G. and Ralston, I. (eds.) The Neolithic of Mainland Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 3-20
Ralston, I. (2015) The hillforts and enclosed settlements of Scotland: An overview. In: Hunter, F. and Ralston, I. (eds.) Scotland in Later Prehistoric Europe. Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, pp. 201-210
Ralston, I. and Cooper, M. (2015) National legislation, policy and government agencies. In: Rescue Archaeology: Foundations for the Future. British Archaeological Trust, pp. 4-18
Ralston, I. and Buchsenschutz, O. (2014) Nouvelles remarques sur les muri gallici. In: Bullinger, J., Crotti, J. and Huguenin, C. (eds.) Cahiers d'archéologie romande. Lausanne, pp. 171-8
Ralston, I. and Halliday, S. (2013) Major forts and ‘minor oppida’ in Scotland: A reconsideration. In: Krausz, S., Colin, A., Gruel, K., Ralston, I. and Dechezleprêtre , T. (eds.) L’âge du Fer en Europe, Mélanges offerts à Olivier Buchsenschutz. Bordeaux: Ausonius Editions, pp. 219-34
Ralston, I., Augier, L., Rolland, X. and Troadec, J. (2013) Modélisation de la topographie de Bourges aux âges du Fer. In: Krausz, S., Colin, A., Gruel, K., Ralston, I. and Dechezleprêtre , T. (eds.) L’âge du Fer en Europe, Mélanges offerts à Olivier Buchsenschutz. Bordeaux: Ausonius Editions, pp. 181-96
Ralston, I. and Pope, R. (2011) Approaching sex and status in Iron Age Britain with reference to the nearer continent. In: Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: crossing the divide. Oxford University Press, pp. 375-414
Ralston, I. (2009) British Archaeology since the End of the Second World War. In: Hunter, J. and Ralston, I. (eds.) The Archaeology of Britain: An Introduction from Earliest Times to the Twenty-first Century. Routledge, pp. 1-17
Ralston, I. and Halliday, S. (2009) How many hillforts are there in Scotland?. In: Cooney, G., Becker, K., Coles, J., Ryan, M. and Sievers, S. (eds.) Relics of old decency: archaeological studies in later prehistory. Festschrift for Barry Raftery. Wordwell, pp. 455-467
Ralston, I. (2009) The Celts. In: Gagarin, M. (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome. Oxford University Press
Conference contribution
Romankiewicz, T. and Ralston, I. (2021) Revisiting Glenelg a century after Alexander O Curle: Reconstructing brochs in treeless landscapes. In: Gardening time: Monuments and landscape from Sardinia, Scotland and Central Europe in the very long Iron Age. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp. 65-74DOI: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.81505
Ralston, I. (2019) The hillforts of Britain and Ireland – the background to the Atlas project: An overview of the number of hill- and promontory-fort sites. In: Hillforts: Britain, Ireland and the nearer continent. Papers from the Atlas of hillforts of Britain and Ireland Conference. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 9-27
Ralston, I. (2018) Reflections on the presentation of Scottish archaeology in British prehistories since Gordon Childe's Prehistoric Communities. In: Roots of Nationhood: The Archaeology and History of Scotland. Oxford: Archaeopress, pp. 9-26
Ralston, I. and Buchsenschutz, O. (2012) Urbanisation et aristocratie celtiques. In: Die Frage der Protourbanisation in der Eisenzeit / La question de la protourbanisation à l’âge du Fer: Internationalen Kolloqiuiums der AFEAF vom 13-16 Mai 2010 in Aschaffenburg. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt, pp. 347-364